Instructions for Hepamethion lyophilisate for solution for injection 500 mg No. 5
Composition
active ingredient: ademetionine;
1 bottle of lyophilisate contains: S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4 butanedisulfonate 949 mg in terms of ademetionine cation – 500 mg;
1 ampoule with solvent contains: L-lysine, sodium hydroxide, water for injection.
Dosage form
Lyophilisate for solution for injection.
Main physicochemical properties:
Lyophilisate – a lyophilized mass from white to slightly yellow in color, free from foreign particles;
solvent – a clear liquid from colorless to light yellow;
The prepared solution is a clear solution without visible particles, from colorless to yellow.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Drugs affecting the digestive system and metabolic processes. Amino acids and their derivatives. ATC code A16A A02.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
Ademethionine, or S-adenosyl-L-methionine, is a derivative of the amino acid methionine. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (ademethionine) is a natural amino acid that is present in almost all tissues and body fluids. Ademethionine primarily acts as a coenzyme and methyl group donor in transmethylation reactions, which is an integral metabolic process in humans and animals. The transfer of methyl groups (transmethylation) is also an integral metabolic process in the construction of the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes and contributes to membrane fluidity. Ademethionine is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The transmethylation process involving ademethionine is key in the formation of neurotransmitters of the central nervous system, including catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline), serotonin, melatonin, and histamine.
Ademethionine is also a precursor in the formation of physiological sulfur (thiol) compounds (cysteine, taurine, glutathione, coenzyme A, etc.) in transsulfuration reactions. Glutathione, the most powerful antioxidant in the liver, plays an important role in hepatic detoxification. Ademethionine increases the level of hepatic glutathione in patients with liver damage of both alcoholic and non-alcoholic genesis. Folic acid (folate) and vitamin B12 are essential co-nutrients in the processes of metabolism and recovery of ademethionine.
Intrahepatic cholestasis.
Intrahepatic cholestasis can be a complication of acute and chronic liver diseases, and can occur regardless of their etiology. This pathological condition is characterized by a decrease in bile secretion by hepatocytes, which leads to the accumulation in the blood of substances that are usually excreted with bile, including bilirubin, bile salts, and enzymes.
The use of ademetionine allows to overcome the blocking of metabolism caused by a decrease in the activity of the enzyme ademetionine synthetase, thus restoring the physiological mechanisms that prevent the occurrence of cholestasis. Through various experimental studies, it was found that the anticholestatic effect of ademetionine is provided by: 1) restoring the microfluidity of cytoplasmic membranes through ademetionine-dependent synthesis of membrane phospholipids (reducing the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio) and 2) overcoming the blocking of metabolism in the process of transsulfuration and, accordingly, restoring the synthesis of thiol groups that participate in endogenous detoxification processes.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption. In humans, after intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetic profile of ademetionine is biexponential and consists of a phase of rapid, pronounced distribution in tissues and a terminal elimination phase with a half-life of about 1.5 hours. Absorption after intramuscular administration is almost complete (96%), the maximum plasma concentration is reached approximately 45 minutes after administration. After oral administration of enteric-coated ademetionine tablets, the maximum plasma concentration is dose-dependent, is 0.5-1 mg/l and is reached 3-5 hours after taking a single dose of 400 mg to 1000 mg. Plasma concentration decreases to the initial value within 24 hours. Bioavailability after oral administration increases if ademetionine is taken between meals. When administered orally, the tablets are absorbed in the intestinal tract and significantly increase the plasma concentration of ademetionine. Animal studies using isotopic methods have confirmed that oral administration of ademetionine stimulates the formation of methylated compounds in the liver. It has also been confirmed that the absorption of ademetionine by the body occurs through typical metabolic pathways characteristic of an endogenous compound (transmethylation, transsulfuration, decarboxylation, etc.).
Metabolism. The reactions that produce, utilize, and regenerate ademethionine are called the ademethionine cycle. In the first step of this cycle, ademethionine-dependent methylase uses ademethionine as a substrate to produce S-adenosyl-homocysteine, which is then hydrolyzed to homocysteine and adenosine by S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase. Homocysteine, in turn, undergoes reverse transformation to methionine by transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Ultimately, methionine can be converted to ademethionine, completing the cycle.
Excretion: In radioisotope studies with oral administration of radiolabeled (methyl 14C) ademetionine in healthy volunteers, urinary excretion of radioactive material was 15.5 ± 1.5% after 48 hours and faecal excretion was 23.5 ± 3.5% after 72 hours, with approximately 60% of the material remaining incorporated in stable pools.
Indication
– Intrahepatic cholestasis in adults, including patients with chronic hepatitis of various etiologies and cirrhosis of the liver;
– intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant women.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients of the drug (see section "Composition").
Genetic defects affecting the methionine cycle and/or causing homocystinuria and/or hyperhomocysteinemia (e.g. cystathionine beta synthase deficiency, vitamin B12 metabolism defect).
Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions
Serotonin syndrome has been reported in a patient taking ademetionine while taking clomipramine. Therefore, although the possibility of an interaction is theoretically possible, caution should be exercised when ademetionine is used concomitantly with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (such as clomipramine), and drugs and herbal remedies containing tryptophan (see Precautions).
Application features
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e. essentially 'sodium-free'.
Intravenous administration of ademetionine solution should be carried out very slowly (see "Method of administration and dosage").
Ammonia levels should be monitored in patients with pre-cirrhotic or cirrhotic hyperammonemia who are taking ademetionine tablets.
Since vitamin B12 and folic acid (folate) deficiency may lead to decreased ademetionine concentrations, patients at risk (anemia, liver disease, pregnancy, or the possibility of vitamin deficiency due to other diseases or dietary habits such as vegetarianism) should have regular blood tests to check plasma levels of these substances. If deficiency is detected, treatment with vitamin B12 and/or folic acid (folate) is recommended before or during the use of ademetionine. If these studies cannot be performed, patients at risk are recommended to use vitamin B12 and/or folic acid (folate) in accordance with the instructions for medical use of these drugs (see "Pharmacological properties. Metabolism").
This drug should not be prescribed for the treatment of depressive disorders, but may be used to treat intrahepatic cholestasis in patients with depressive disorders. Therefore, the following precautions should be considered for patients receiving antidepressant therapy.
Ademetionine is not recommended for use in patients with bipolar psychosis. There have been reports of patients transitioning from depression to hypomania or mania while treated with ademetionine.
There has been one published report of serotonin syndrome in a patient taking ademetionine while taking clomipramine. Although the possibility of an interaction is theoretically possible, caution should be exercised when ademetionine is used concomitantly with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (such as clomipramine), and drugs and herbal remedies containing tryptophan (see Interactions with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction).
Patients with depression are generally at risk of suicide or other serious acts and should receive close monitoring and ongoing psychiatric care during treatment with antidepressants to ensure that symptoms of depression are appropriately identified and treated. Patients with a history of suicidal behavior or thoughts, or who demonstrate a significant degree of suicidal ideation, are at increased risk of suicidal thoughts or attempts and should receive close monitoring during treatment.
There have been reports of transient onset or increased anxiety in patients taking ademetionine. In most cases, discontinuation of therapy was not necessary. Sometimes the anxiety disappeared after dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy.
Ademetionine interferes with the immunoassay for homocysteine, which may falsely indicate elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients taking ademetionine. Therefore, non-immunological methods for determining plasma homocysteine levels are recommended for such patients.
Renal impairment: There are limited clinical data on the use of ademetionine in patients with renal impairment. Ademetionine should be used with caution in such patients.
Hepatic impairment: Pharmacokinetic characteristics do not differ between healthy volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease.
Elderly patients.
Clinical studies of ademetionine did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether there is a difference in response to treatment compared with younger patients. Based on available clinical experience, no differences in response to treatment have been identified between elderly patients and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be made with caution, usually starting at the lowest recommended dose, taking into account the increased frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, the presence of concomitant pathological conditions, and the use of other drugs.
Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
In clinical studies, no adverse reactions were observed in women treated with ademetionine during the third trimester of pregnancy. Ademetionine should be used only if clearly needed during the first two trimesters of pregnancy.
During breastfeeding, ademetionine can be used only if the potential benefit from its use outweighs the potential risk to the infant.
Ability to influence reaction speed when driving vehicles or other mechanisms
Some patients may experience dizziness when taking ademetionine. Patients should refrain from driving or operating machinery until they are certain that ademetionine therapy does not affect their ability to perform these activities.
Method of administration and doses
Treatment can be initiated with parenteral administration of the drug followed by the use of the drug in tablet form or immediately with the use of tablets.
For intramuscular or intravenous administration, the lyophilized powder must be dissolved in the special solvent provided immediately before use. For intravenous administration, the required dose of ademetionine must be further diluted in 250 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution and infused slowly over 1-2 hours. Any unused portion of the solution must be discarded.
Ademetionine should not be mixed with alkaline solutions or solutions containing calcium ions. If the lyophilized powder has a color other than white to yellowish (due to cracks in the vial or exposure to elevated temperature), it should be avoided.
Initial therapy
Intravenous or intramuscular: The recommended dose is 5-12 mg/kg body weight per day for 2 weeks. The usual starting dose is 500 mg/day, the total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg.
Supportive therapy
Administer orally (internally) according to the instructions for medical use of ademetionine in tablet form.
The duration of therapy depends on the severity and course of the disease and is determined by the doctor individually.
Children
The safety and effectiveness of ademetionine in children have not been established.
Overdose
Cases of overdose with ademetionine have been observed rarely. In case of overdose, physicians should contact local poison control centers. In general, patient monitoring and supportive treatment are recommended.
Adverse reactions
Ademetionine was used in clinical trials in approximately 2,000 patients. The most commonly reported side effects during treatment with ademetionine were headache, diarrhea, and nausea.
Adverse reactions are classified by system organ class (according to MedDRA) and by frequency of occurrence: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100, <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1000, <1/100), rare (≥1/10000, <1/1000), very rare (<1/10000).
From the gastrointestinal tract: often - abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea; infrequently - dry mouth, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastrointestinal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal disorders, vomiting, esophagitis; rarely - abdominal bloating.
General disorders and administration site conditions: common: asthenia; uncommon: edema, hyperthermia, chills, injection site reactions, injection site necrosis; rare: malaise.
Immune system disorders: uncommon: hypersensitivity, anaphylactoid reactions or anaphylactic reactions (e.g. flushing, dyspnoea, bronchospasm, back pain, chest discomfort, changes in blood pressure (hypotension, hypertension) or pulse rate (tachycardia, bradycardia)).
Infections and infestations: uncommon – urinary tract infections.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: infrequently - arthralgia, muscle cramps.
Mental disorders: often - anxiety, insomnia; infrequently - agitation, confusion.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: uncommon - laryngeal edema.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: common: itching; uncommon: hyperhidrosis, angioedema, allergic skin reactions (e.g. rash, itching, urticaria, erythema).
Vascular disorders: infrequently - hot flashes, hypotension, phlebitis.
There have been rare reports of suicidal thoughts/behavior in patients with depressive disorders (see section 4.4).
Expiration date
Lyophilisate – 3 years. Solvent – 3 years.
The shelf life of the lyophilisate complete with solvent is determined relative to the component (lyophilisate or solvent) whose shelf life expires earlier.
Storage conditions
Store in the original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.
Keep out of reach of children.
Incompatibility.
Ademetionine (solution for injection) should not be mixed with alkaline solutions or solutions containing calcium ions.
Packaging
Lyophilisate in a vial; 5 vials of lyophilisate complete with 5 ampoules of solvent of 5 ml each in a contour blister pack; 1 contour blister pack in a pack.
Vacation category
According to the recipe.
Producer
PJSC "Kyivmedpreparat", Ukraine.
Location of the manufacturer and address of its place of business
Ukraine, 01032, Kyiv, Saksaganskoho St., 139.
