Novocaine injection solution is used for the following indications:
local and infiltration anesthesia; therapeutic blockades.
Composition
The active substance is procaine (1 ml of solution contains 5 mg of procaine hydrochloride).
Excipients: diluted hydrochloric acid, water for injections.
Contraindication
hypersensitivity to the drug; myasthenia gravis, arterial hypotension, purulent process at the injection site, urgent surgical interventions accompanied by acute blood loss, pronounced fibrous changes in tissues (for anesthesia by the method of creeping infiltrate).
Method of application
With local anesthesia, the dose depends on the concentration, nature of the surgical intervention, method of administration, condition and age of the patient.
In case of paranephral blockade, 50-70 ml of 0.5% Novocaine solution should be injected into the pararenal tissue in adults.
For infiltration anesthesia, the following higher doses are established (for adults): the first single dose at the beginning of the operation is 0.75 g (i.e. 150 ml) of 0.5% Novocaine solution. In the future, during each hour of the operation, no more than 2 g (i.e. 400 ml) of 0.5% Novocaine solution.
Application features
Pregnant women
The use of the drug is possible if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus or child.
When used during childbirth, bradycardia, apnea, and seizures may develop in the newborn.
Children
The drug should not be used in children under 18 years of age.
Drivers
During the treatment period, caution should be exercised when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially dangerous activities that require increased concentration and quick reactions.
Overdose
It is possible only when using novocaine in high doses.
Symptoms: pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, increased nervous excitability, "cold" sweat, tachycardia, decrease in blood pressure almost to the point of collapse, tremor, convulsions, apnea, methemoglobinemia, respiratory depression, sudden cardiovascular collapse.
The effect on the central nervous system is manifested by a feeling of fear, hallucinations, convulsions, motor agitation. In cases of overdose, the administration of the drug should be stopped immediately. When performing local anesthesia, the injection site can be pricked with adrenaline.
Treatment: general resuscitation measures, including oxygen inhalation, if necessary - artificial ventilation of the lungs. If convulsions last more than 15-20 seconds, they should be stopped by the introduction of thiopental (100-150 mg) or diazepam (5-20 mg). In case of hypotension and / or myocardial depression, intravenously administer ephedrine (15-30 mg), in severe cases - detoxification and symptomatic therapy.
In the event of intoxication after injection of novocaine into the muscles of the leg or arm, urgent application of a tourniquet is recommended to reduce further entry of the drug into the general bloodstream.
Side effects
Novocaine is usually well tolerated, but sometimes the following side effects are possible, which are listed below.
From the side of the central and peripheral nervous system: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, motor restlessness, loss of consciousness, convulsions, trismus, tremor, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus, cauda equina syndrome (paralysis of the legs, paresthesias), paralysis of respiratory soft muscles, motor and sensory block, return of pain, persistent anesthesia.
Cardiovascular system: increase or decrease in blood pressure, peripheral vasodilation, collapse, bradycardia, arrhythmia, chest pain.
From the urinary system: involuntary urination.
Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, involuntary defecation.
Blood disorders: methemoglobinemia.
Allergic reactions: skin itching, skin rashes, dermatitis, skin peeling, other anaphylactic reactions (including angioedema, anaphylactic shock), urticaria (on the skin and mucous membranes).
Storage conditions
Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C, out of the reach of children. Do not freeze.
Shelf life - 3 years.
