Potassium Chloride Concentrate for Infusion Solution is used for the following indications:
tachycardia, extrasystolic arrhythmia caused by hypokalemia, including intoxication with cardiac glycosides; severe hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration less than 2.5 mmol/l).
Composition
The active substance is potassium chloride (1 ml of solution contains 75 mg of potassium chloride).
The excipient is water for injection.
Contraindication
acute and chronic renal failure (with oliguria, anuria, azotemia), complete heart block, AV conduction disorders, hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration more than 5 mmol / l), hyperchloremia, metabolic disorders (hypovolemia with hyponatremia), hyperhydration, systemic acidosis, diabetic acidosis, acute dehydration, significant burns, intestinal obstruction, cerebral edema, Addison's disease, thermal convulsions; the drug should not be administered simultaneously with blood products.
Method of application
The dosage regimen and duration of use are set by the doctor individually according to the results of electrocardiography and the level of potassium in the blood serum. As a rule, adults are prescribed from 0.5 to 2 g of potassium chloride per day. As a solvent, you can use 200-250 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose. The rate of administration is 20-30 drops per minute.
Application features
Pregnant women
There is no data on contraindications during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but it should be remembered that potassium preparations reduce uterine tone. Potassium chloride during pregnancy and lactation should be used only when a doctor considers it necessary and under his supervision. In the presence of nephropathy in pregnant women, the drug should be used with caution if there are vital indications.
Drivers
Since the drug is intended for use in a hospital setting, there is no data on the effect on the reaction speed when driving vehicles or other mechanisms.
Overdose
It remains asymptomatic for a long time until the concentration of potassium in the blood serum reaches a high level (6.5-8 mmol / l). It is manifested by an increase in the manifestations of adverse reactions. The development of hyperkalemia and hyperhydration is possible. In this case, patients experience muscle weakness or heaviness in the legs, paresthesia of the extremities, flaccid paralysis, abdominal pain, lethargy, pale and cold skin, confusion, peripheral vascular collapse, frequent shallow breathing, disturbances of heart rhythm and conduction, possible loss of consciousness, increased body temperature, apathy, decreased blood pressure and body weight, mental disorders. The above adverse reactions can cause a significant deterioration in the patient's condition.
The electrocardiogram shows an increase in the amplitude of the T wave, depression of the ST segment, and expansion of the QRS complex.
Extremely high levels of potassium in blood plasma (8-11 mmol/L) can be fatal due to depression of cardiac activity, development of arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest.
All potassium-containing medications and potassium-sparing diuretics should be discontinued immediately.
In case of overdose, prescribe symptomatic treatment aimed at supporting vital functions. Parenterally administer 300-500 ml / h of 10% glucose solution (with the addition of 10 units of regular insulin for every 20 g of glucose) or sodium bicarbonate solution.
Plasma potassium concentration above 6.5 mmol/l or cardiac arrhythmia requires urgent injection of 10-20 ml of 10% calcium gluconate solution over 1-5 minutes with ECG monitoring.
If necessary, perform hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
In the treatment of overdose, ECG monitoring, determination of urea, electrolytes and creatinine levels in the blood plasma, and potassium levels should be monitored (every 2-3 hours if necessary). Patients who do not show symptoms of overdose should be observed for 6 hours.
Side effects
Electrolyte imbalance: hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia.
Gastrointestinal tract: dyspeptic disorders (nausea, abdominal pain).
Cardiovascular system: bradycardia; cardiac conduction disorders, arrhythmia, extrasystole; arterial hypotension; cardiac arrest.
On the part of the immune system: allergic reactions (hyperthermia, skin rash, angioedema, shock).
From the nervous system: in rare cases, when using high doses, the following may occur: muscle weakness, paresthesia, paralysis, confusion.
General reactions of the body: hypervolemia, shortness of breath, sore throat.
Reactions at the injection site: pain, redness, phlebitis (with intravenous administration of a solution containing 30 mmol/l or more potassium).
In case of adverse reactions, the solution should be discontinued. Therapy is symptomatic.
Interaction
Do not mix with other medicines. Do not use other medicines as a solvent, except those specified in the "Method of administration" section.
Storage conditions
Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C, out of the reach of children. Do not freeze.
Shelf life - 2 years.
