Rozart film-coated tablets 10 mg blister No. 90




Instructions for use Rozart film-coated tablets 10 mg blister No. 90
Composition
active ingredient: rosuvastatin;
1 film-coated tablet contains 5 mg or 10 mg, or 20 mg, or 40 mg of rosuvastatin in the form of 5.21 mg or 10.42 mg, or 20.84 mg, or 41.68 mg of rosuvastatin calcium;
excipients: microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate;
shell:
5 mg tablets: hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E 171), lactose monohydrate, macrogol 3350, triacetin;
10 mg tablets: hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E 171), lactose monohydrate, macrogol 3350, triacetin, carmine (E 120);
20 mg tablets: hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E 171), lactose monohydrate, macrogol 3350, triacetin, carmine (E 120);
40 mg tablets: hypromellose, titanium dioxide (E 171), lactose monohydrate, macrogol 3350, triacetin, carmine (E 120).
Dosage form
Film-coated tablets.
Main physicochemical properties:
5 mg tablets: white, round, 5.5 mm in diameter, biconvex, film-coated tablets, embossed with “ST 1” on one side;
10 mg tablets: pink, round, 7 mm in diameter, biconvex, film-coated tablets, embossed with “ST 2” on one side;
20 mg tablets: pink, round, 9 mm in diameter, biconvex, film-coated tablets, embossed with “ST 3” on one side;
40 mg tablets: pink, oval, 16 mm × 8 mm, biconvex, film-coated tablets, embossed with “ST 4” on one side.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Lipid-lowering agents. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
ATX code C10A A07.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics.
Mechanism of action
Rosuvastatin is a selective and competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme that converts 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A to mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol. The primary site of action of rosuvastatin is the liver, a target organ for lowering cholesterol levels.
Rosuvastatin increases the number of LDL receptors on the surface of liver cells, enhancing the uptake and catabolism of LDL, and inhibits the hepatic synthesis of VLDL, thus reducing the total number of VLDL and LDL particles.
Pharmacodynamic action
Rosuvastatin reduces elevated LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol levels. It also reduces apoB, non-HDL-C, VLDL-C, TG-VLDL, and increases apoA-I levels (Table 1). Rosuvastatin also reduces the LDL-C/HDL-C, total-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and apoB/apoA-I ratios.
Table 1
Dose response in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia types IIa and IIb
(adjusted mean percentage change from baseline)
Dose | N | LDL-C | Total cholesterol | HDL-C | TG | Non-HDL-C | apoV | apoA-I |
Placebo | 13 |
| -5 | 3 |
| -7 |
| 0 |
5 | 17 |
|
| 13 |
|
|
| 4 |
10 | 17 |
|
| 14 |
|
|
| 4 |
20 | 17 |
|
| 8 |
|
|
| 5 |
40 | 18 |
|
| 10 |
|
|
| 0 |
The therapeutic effect is achieved within 1 week after the start of the drug, 90% of the maximum effect is achieved after 2 weeks. The maximum effect is usually achieved after 4 weeks and continues thereafter.
Pharmacokinetics.
Absorption
The maximum concentration of rosuvastatin in blood plasma is reached approximately 5 hours after oral administration. Absolute bioavailability is approximately 20%.
Distribution
Rosuvastatin is extensively taken up by the liver, which is the main site of cholesterol synthesis and LDL-C clearance. The volume of distribution of rosuvastatin is approximately 134 L. About 90% of rosuvastatin is bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin.
Metabolism
Rosuvastatin undergoes minor metabolism (approximately 10%). In vitro metabolism studies using human hepatocytes indicate that rosuvastatin is a poor substrate for metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The main isoenzyme involved is CYP2C9, with 2C19, 3A4 and 2D6 playing a somewhat smaller role. The main identified metabolites are the N-desmethyl and lactone metabolites. The N-desmethyl metabolite is approximately 50% less active than rosuvastatin, the lactone metabolite is considered clinically inactive. Rosuvastatin accounts for more than 90% of the circulating HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity.
Approximately 90% of the rosuvastatin dose is excreted unchanged in the feces (absorbed and unabsorbed active substance together), the rest is excreted in the urine. Approximately 5% is excreted in the urine in unchanged form. The half-life from blood plasma is approximately 19 hours and does not increase with increasing dose. The geometric mean clearance of the drug from blood plasma is approximately 50 l/h (coefficient of variation - 21.7%). As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, hepatic uptake of rosuvastatin occurs with the participation of the membrane transporter OATP-C, which plays an important role in the hepatic elimination of rosuvastatin.
Linearity
Systemic exposure to rosuvastatin increases in proportion to the dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters do not change with repeated daily administration.
Special patient groups
Age and gender
There was no clinically significant effect of age or gender on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in adults. The pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia were similar to those in adult volunteers (see section "Children").
Racial affiliation
Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that in patients of Mongoloid race (Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Vietnamese and Koreans) the median AUC and Cmax values are approximately twice as high as in Caucasians; in Indians the median AUC and Cmax values are increased by approximately 1.3 times. Population pharmacokinetic analysis has not revealed any clinically significant difference between Caucasian and Negroid patients.
Kidney dysfunction
In a study in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment, no changes in plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin or the N-desmethyl metabolite were observed in subjects with mild or moderate renal impairment. In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min), plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin were 3-fold and those of the N-desmethyl metabolite were 9-fold higher than in healthy volunteers. Steady-state plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin in patients on hemodialysis were approximately 50% higher than in healthy volunteers.
Liver dysfunction
In a study of patients with varying degrees of hepatic impairment, there was no evidence of increased exposure to rosuvastatin in patients with Child-Pugh scores of 7 or less. However, two patients with Child-Pugh scores of 8 and 9 had systemic exposures at least twice that of patients with lower scores. There is no experience with rosuvastatin in patients with Child-Pugh scores greater than 9.
Genetic polymorphism
The distribution of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, including rosuvastatin, occurs with the participation of transport proteins OATP1B1 and BCRP. Patients with genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 (OATP1B1) and/or ABCG2 (BCRP) are at risk of increased exposure to rosuvastatin. With certain forms of the SLCO1B1 p.521CC and ABCG2 p.421AA polymorphisms, rosuvastatin exposure (AUC) is increased compared to the SLCO1B1 p.521TT or ABCG2 p.421CC genotypes. Specific genotyping is not provided in clinical practice, but patients with such polymorphisms are recommended to use a lower daily dose of the drug.
Children
Two studies of the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin (tablets) in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia aged 10 to 17 years or 6 to 17 years (total of 214 patients) showed that the drug exposure in children was lower or similar to that in adult patients. The exposure of rosuvastatin was predictable according to the dose and duration of administration over 2 years of observation.
Indication
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia
Adults, adolescents and children aged 6 years and over with primary hypercholesterolemia (type IIa, including heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia) or mixed dyslipidemia (type IIb) as an adjunct to diet when diet and other non-pharmacological measures (e.g. exercise, weight loss) are inadequate.
Adults, adolescents and children aged 6 years and over with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to diet and other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g. LDL apheresis) or when such treatments are inappropriate.
Prevention of cardiovascular disorders
Prevention of major cardiovascular events in patients estimated to be at high risk of a first cardiovascular event (see section 5.1), as an adjunct to correction of other risk factors.
Contraindication
The drug Rozart is contraindicated:
patients with hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin or any of the excipients of the drug;
patients with active liver disease, including those of unknown etiology, persistent elevations of serum transaminases, and any elevation of serum transaminases greater than three times the upper limit of normal (ULN);
patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min);
patients with myopathy;
patients who are simultaneously receiving cyclosporine;
during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as well as women of reproductive age who do not use adequate contraception.
The 40 mg dose is contraindicated in patients with a predisposition to myopathy/rhabdomyolysis. Risk factors for this include:
moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min);
hypothyroidism;
presence of a personal or family history of hereditary muscle diseases;
history of myotoxicity with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or fibrates;
alcohol abuse;
situations that may lead to an increase in the concentration of the drug in the blood plasma;
belonging to the Mongoloid race;
concomitant use of fibrates.
(See sections “Special instructions for use”, “Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions” and “Pharmacokinetics”).
Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions
Effect of concomitant medications on rosuvastatin
Transport protein inhibitors
Rosuvastatin is a substrate for several transport proteins, including the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1 and the efflux transporter BCRP. Concomitant use of rosuvastatin with medicinal products that inhibit these transport proteins may lead to increased plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin and an increased risk of myopathy (see sections “Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction”, Table 2, “Special warnings and precautions for use”, “Method of administration and dosage”).
Cyclosporine
During concomitant use of rosuvastatin and ciclosporin, rosuvastatin AUC values were on average approximately 7 times higher than those observed in healthy volunteers (see Table 2). Rosuvastatin is contraindicated in patients receiving concomitant ciclosporin (see section "Contraindications").
Concomitant use did not affect the plasma concentrations of cyclosporine.
Protease inhibitors
Although the exact mechanism of interaction is unknown, concomitant use of protease inhibitors may significantly increase rosuvastatin exposure (see Table 2). For example, in a pharmacokinetic study, co-administration of 10 mg of rosuvastatin and a combination product containing two protease inhibitors (300 mg atazanavir/100 mg ritonavir) in healthy volunteers was accompanied by an increase in rosuvastatin AUC and Cmax by approximately 3 and 7 times, respectively. Co-administration of rosuvastatin and some combinations of protease inhibitors is possible after careful consideration of dose adjustment of the drug Rozart, taking into account the expected increase in rosuvastatin exposure (see sections “Method of administration and dosage”, “Special instructions for use”, “Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction”, Table 2).
Gemfibrozil and other lipid-lowering agents
Concomitant use of rosuvastatin and gemfibrozil resulted in a 2-fold increase in rosuvastatin AUC and Cmax (see section "Special warnings and precautions for use").
Based on specific studies, no pharmacokinetically significant interaction with fenofibrate is expected, but a pharmacodynamic interaction is possible. Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, other fibrates, and lipid-lowering doses (> or equal to 1 g/day) of niacin (nicotinic acid) increase the risk of myopathy when used concomitantly with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, presumably because they can cause myopathy when used alone. The 40 mg dose is contraindicated with concomitant use of fibrates (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). These patients should also be started on the 5 mg dose.
Ezetimibe
Concomitant administration of rosuvastatin 10 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg to patients with hypercholesterolemia resulted in a 1.2-fold increase in rosuvastatin AUC (Table 2). A pharmacodynamic interaction between rosuvastatin and ezetimibe, which could lead to adverse events, cannot be excluded (see section 4.4).
Antacid medications
Concomitant administration of rosuvastatin with antacid suspensions containing aluminum or magnesium hydroxide reduced rosuvastatin plasma concentrations by approximately 50%. This effect was less pronounced when the antacid was taken 2 hours after rosuvastatin. The clinical significance of this interaction has not been studied.
Erythromycin
Concomitant use of rosuvastatin and erythromycin decreased rosuvastatin AUC by 20% and Cmax by 30%. This interaction may be due to increased intestinal motility due to erythromycin.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes
In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that rosuvastatin does not inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. In addition, rosuvastatin is a weak substrate for these isoenzymes. Therefore, drug interactions resulting from P450-mediated metabolism are not expected. No clinically significant interactions were observed between rosuvastatin and fluconazole (an inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4) or ketoconazole (an inhibitor of CYP2A6 and CYP3A4).
Ticagrelor
Ticagrelor may affect the renal excretion of rosuvastatin, increasing the risk of its accumulation. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, in some cases, the combined use of ticagrelor and rosuvastatin has led to decreased renal function, increased creatine kinase levels, and rhabdomyolysis.
If it is necessary to use rosuvastatin with other drugs that can increase the exposure of rosuvastatin, its dose should be adjusted. If it is expected that the exposure of the drug (AUC) will increase by approximately 2 or more times, the use of rosuvastatin should be started at a dose of 5 mg once a day. The maximum daily dose of rosuvastatin should be adjusted so that the expected exposure of rosuvastatin does not exceed the exposure observed when taking a dose of 40 mg / day without the use of drugs that interact with the drug; for example, when used with gemfibrozil, the dose of rosuvastatin will be 20 mg (an increase in exposure of 1.9 times), when used with the combination of ritonavir / atazanavir - 10 mg (an increase of 3.1 times).
If the drug increases the AUC of rosuvastatin by less than 2 times, the initial dose does not need to be reduced, but caution should be exercised when increasing the dose of Rosart to more than 20 mg.
Table 2
Effect of concomitant medications on rosuvastatin exposure
(AUC; in descending order of magnitude) from published clinical trial data
Increase in rosuvastatin AUC by 2-fold or more than 2-fold | ||
Dosing regimen of the interacting drug | Rosuvastatin dosage regimen | Changes in rosuvastatin AUC* |
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (400 mg-100 mg-100 mg) + voxilaprevir (100 mg) once daily for 15 days | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 7.4 times |
Cyclosporine 75 mg twice daily to 200 mg twice daily, 6 months | 10 mg once daily, 10 days | ↑ 7.1 times |
Darolutamide 600 mg twice daily, 5 days | 5 mg, single dose | ↑ 5.2 times |
Regorafenib 160 mg once daily, 14 days | 5 mg, single dose | ↑ 3.8 times |
Atazanavir 300 mg/ritonavir 100 mg once daily, 8 days | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 3.1 times |
Velpatasvir 100 mg once daily | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 2.7 times |
Ombitasvir 25 mg/paritaprevir 150 mg/ritonavir 100 mg once daily/dasabuvir 400 mg twice daily, 14 days | 5 mg, single dose | ↑ 2.6 times |
Grazoprevir 200 mg/elbasvir 50 mg once daily, 11 days | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 2.3 times |
Glecaprevir 400 mg/pibrentasvir 120 mg once daily, 7 days | 5 mg once daily, 7 days | ↑ 2.2 times |
Lopinavir 400 mg/ritonavir 100 mg twice daily, 17 days | 20 mg once daily, 7 days | ↑ 2.1 times |
Clopidogrel 300 mg, then 75 mg 24 hours later | 20 mg, single dose | ↑ 2 times |
Gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily, 7 days | 80 mg, single dose | ↑ 1.9 times |
Increase in rosuvastatin AUC less than 2-fold | ||
Dosing regimen of the interacting drug | Rosuvastatin dosage regimen | Changes in rosuvastatin AUC* |
Eltrombopag 75 mg once daily, 5 days | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 1.6 times |
Darunavir 600 mg/ritonavir 100 mg twice daily, 7 days | 10 mg once daily, 7 days | ↑ 1.5 times |
Tipranavir 500 mg/ritonavir 200 mg twice daily, 11 days | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 1.4 times |
Dronedarone 400 mg twice daily | Unknown | ↑ 1.4 times |
Itraconazole 200 mg once daily, 5 days | 10 mg, single dose | ↑ 1.4 times ** |
Ezetimibe 10 mg once daily, 14 days | 10 mg once daily, 14 days | ↑ 1.2 times ** |
Decreased rosuvastatin AUC | ||
Dosing regimen of the interacting drug | Rosuvastatin dosage regimen | Changes in rosuvastatin AUC* |
Erythromycin 500 mg four times a day, 7 days | 80 mg, single dose | ↓ 20% |
Baicalin 50 mg three times a day, 14 days | 20 mg, single dose | ↓ 47% |
* Data presented as x-fold change represents the ratio between rosuvastatin in combination and alone. Data presented as % change represents the % difference relative to rosuvastatin alone.
Increase is indicated by the ↑ icon, decrease by the ↓ icon.
** Several interaction studies have been conducted at different doses of rosuvastatin, the most significant relationship is shown in the table.
Drugs/combinations that did not have a clinically significant effect on the AUC ratio of rosuvastatin when used concomitantly: aleglitazar 0.3 mg for 7 days; fenofibrate 67 mg for 7 days 3 times a day; fluconazole 200 mg for 11 days 1 time a day; fosamprenavir 700 mg / ritonavir 100 mg for 8 days 2 times a day; ketoconazole 200 mg for 7 days 2 times a day; rifampin 450 mg for 7 days 1 time a day; silymarin 140 mg for 5 days 3 times a day.
Effect of rosuvastatin on concomitant medications
Vitamin K antagonists
As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, when starting or increasing the dose of rosuvastatin in patients receiving concomitant vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin or another coumarin anticoagulant), an increase in the international normalized ratio (INR) may occur. Discontinuation of rosuvastatin or dose reduction may result in a decrease in INR. In such cases, appropriate monitoring of INR is advisable.
Concomitant use of rosuvastatin and oral contraceptives resulted in an increase in the AUC of ethinylestradiol and norgestrel by 26% and 34%, respectively. This increase in plasma drug levels should be considered when selecting the dose of oral contraceptives. There are no data on the pharmacokinetics of drugs in patients taking rosuvastatin and HRT simultaneously, so a similar effect cannot be excluded. However, the combination has been widely used in women in clinical trials and was well tolerated.
Other medicines
Digoxin
Based on specific interaction studies, no clinically significant interaction with digoxin is expected.
Fusidic acid
Interaction studies of rosuvastatin with fusidic acid have not been conducted. The risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, may be increased when fusidic acid is administered concomitantly with statins. The mechanism of this interaction (pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, or both) is not yet known. Cases of rhabdomyolysis (including fatal cases) have been reported in patients receiving this combination. If systemic treatment with fusidic acid is necessary, rosuvastatin should be discontinued for the duration of fusidic acid treatment (see section 4.4).
Children
Interaction studies have only been conducted in adults. The extent of interaction in children is unknown.
Application features
Effects on the kidneys
Proteinuria (detected by dipstick analysis), predominantly of tubular origin, and in most cases transient or intermittent, has been observed in patients taking high doses of rosuvastatin, including 40 mg. Proteinuria was not a marker of acute or progressive renal disease (see section 4.8). The frequency of reports of serious renal events in post-marketing studies is higher with the 40 mg dose. For patients taking the drug at a dose of 40 mg, renal function should be monitored regularly.
Effects on skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscle disorders, such as myalgia, myopathy and, rarely, rhabdomyolysis, have been reported in patients taking rosuvastatin at all doses, particularly above 20 mg. Very rare cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported when ezetimibe was used in combination with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The possibility of a pharmacodynamic interaction cannot be excluded (see section 4.5), and such a combination should therefore be used with caution.
As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, the incidence of rhabdomyolysis associated with rosuvastatin in the post-marketing period was higher at the 40 mg dose.
Creatine kinase (CK) level
CK levels should not be measured after significant exercise or when there are possible alternative causes of CK elevation that may complicate interpretation of results. If initial CK levels are significantly elevated (> 5 times the ULN), a repeat test should be performed within 5–7 days to confirm the results. If the results of the repeat test confirm that the initial CK value is more than 5 times the ULN, the drug should not be started.
Before starting treatment
Rozart, like other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, should be administered with caution to patients with a predisposition to myopathy/rhabdomyolysis. Risk factors for this include:
kidney dysfunction;
hypothyroidism;
presence of a personal or family history of hereditary muscle diseases;
history of myotoxicity with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or fibrates;
alcohol abuse;
age > 70 years;
situations that may lead to an increase in the level of the drug in the blood plasma (see sections "Pharmacokinetics", "Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions" and "Method of administration and dosage");
concomitant use of fibrates.
In such patients, the risk of treatment should be weighed against the expected benefit; clinical monitoring is also recommended. If baseline CK levels are significantly elevated (> 5 times ULN), treatment should not be initiated.
During treatment
In clinical studies, there was no evidence of increased effects on skeletal muscle in a small number of patients taking rosuvastatin and concomitant medications. However, an increased incidence of myositis and myopathy has been reported in patients taking other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with fibric acid derivatives, including gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, nicotinic acid, azole antifungals, protease inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics. Gemfibrozil increases the risk of myopathy when used concomitantly with some HMG-CoA inhibitors. Therefore, the use of rosuvastatin in combination with gemfibrozil is not recommended. The benefits of further lipid-lowering effects when rosuvastatin is used in combination with fibrates or niacin should be carefully weighed against the potential risks associated with the use of such combinations. The 40 mg dose is contraindicated with concomitant use of fibrates (see sections “Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions” and “Adverse reactions”).
Fusidic acid
Rosuvastatin should not be used concomitantly with systemic fusidic acid or within 7 days of stopping fusidic acid treatment. In patients for whom systemic fusidic acid is considered necessary, statin treatment should be discontinued for the duration of fusidic acid treatment. Rhabdomyolysis (including fatal cases) has been reported in patients receiving fusidic acid and statins in combination (see section 4.5). Patients should seek medical advice immediately if they experience any symptoms of muscle weakness, pain or tenderness. Statin therapy may be restarted 7 days after the last dose of fusidic acid. In individual cases where prolonged systemic fusidic acid therapy is required, e.g. for the treatment of severe infections, the need for concomitant use of rosuvastatin and fusidic acid should only be considered on an individual basis and under close medical supervision.
Rosuvastatin should not be used in patients with acute serious conditions that suggest myopathy or the possibility of developing renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis (such as sepsis, hypotension, major surgery, trauma, severe metabolic, endocrine and electrolyte disorders or uncontrolled seizures).
Myasthenia gravis, ocular myasthenia
Statins have been reported to cause de novo or exacerbate pre-existing myasthenia gravis or ocular myasthenia in a few cases. If symptoms worsen, the drug should be discontinued. Relapses have been reported with rechallenge with the same or a different statin.
Effect on the liver
As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, rosuvastatin should be used with caution in patients who abuse alcohol and/or have a history of liver disease.
It is recommended to check biochemical indicators of liver function before starting treatment and 3 months later. Rosuvastatin should be discontinued or the dose reduced if serum transaminase levels exceed three times the upper limit of normal. The frequency of reports of serious hepatic events (mainly increased hepatic transaminases) in the post-marketing period was higher with the 40 mg dose.
In patients with secondary hypercholesterolemia due to hypothyroidism or nephrotic syndrome, the underlying disease should be treated first before initiating therapy with rosuvastatin.
Racial affiliation
Pharmacokinetic studies indicate an increase in exposure in patients of Mongoloid race by approximately twofold compared to Caucasians (see sections "Pharmacokinetics", "Contraindications" and "Method of administration and dosage").
Protease inhibitors
Increased systemic exposure to rosuvastatin has been observed in patients receiving rosuvastatin concomitantly with various protease inhibitors in combination with ritonavir. The lipid-lowering benefits of rosuvastatin in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors should be considered, as well as the possibility of increased plasma levels of rosuvastatin at the beginning of therapy and during dose titration of rosuvastatin. Co-administration of the drug with some protease inhibitors is not recommended unless the dose of rosuvastatin is adjusted (see sections 4.2 and 4.5).
Lactose intolerance
Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Interstitial lung disease
Exceptional cases of interstitial lung disease have been reported with some statins, particularly with long-term treatment (see section 4.8). Symptoms may include dyspnoea, non-productive cough and general malaise (fatigue, weight loss and fever). If interstitial lung disease is suspected, statins should be discontinued.
There is some evidence that statins as a class increase blood glucose levels and in some patients at high risk of future diabetes, may cause hyperglycemia to a level requiring appropriate diabetes management. However, this risk is outweighed by the reduced risk of vascular events with statins and should not be a reason to discontinue statin therapy. Patients at risk (fasting glucose 5.6–6.0 mmol/L, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, elevated triglycerides, hypertension) should be monitored both clinically and biochemically according to national guidelines.
In the JUPITER study, the overall incidence of diabetes mellitus was 2.8% in the rosuvastatin group and 2.3% in the placebo group, predominantly in patients with fasting glucose levels between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L.
Severe skin adverse reactions
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), which can be life-threatening or fatal, have been reported with rosuvastatin. When prescribing rosuvastatin, patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of severe cutaneous reactions and monitored closely. If signs and symptoms suggestive of these reactions appear, rosuvastatin should be discontinued immediately and alternative treatment should be considered.
If a patient develops a serious reaction such as SJS or DRESS while taking rosuvastatin, treatment with rosuvastatin should not be resumed in that patient at any time.
Children
Assessment of linear growth (height), body weight, BMI and secondary sexual maturation characteristics according to Tanner in children aged 6 to 17 years who took rosuvastatin is limited to a period of 2 years. After 2 years of study treatment, no effect on height, body weight, BMI or sexual maturation was observed (see section "Pharmacodynamics").
In a clinical study in children and adolescents taking rosuvastatin for 52 weeks, increases in CK levels > 10 times the upper limit of normal and muscle symptoms after exercise or increased physical activity were observed more frequently compared to those in adults (see section "Adverse reactions").
Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Women of reproductive age should use adequate contraception.
Since cholesterol and other cholesterol biosynthesis products play an essential role in fetal development, the potential risk of inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase outweighs the benefits of using the drug during pregnancy. Animal data on reproductive toxicity are limited. If the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, treatment should be discontinued immediately.
Rosuvastatin is excreted in rat milk. There are no data on the excretion of the drug into human breast milk (see section "Contraindications").
Ability to influence reaction speed when driving vehicles or other mechanisms
Studies to determine the effect of rosuvastatin on the ability to drive and use other mechanisms have not been conducted. However, given its pharmacodynamic properties, it is unlikely that rosuvastatin will affect this ability. When driving or using other mechanisms, the possibility of dizziness should be taken into account.
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