ATC code:J ANTIMIBRICANTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE; J01 ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE; J01M ANTIBACTERIALS FROM THE QUINOLON GROUP; J01M A Fluoroquinolones; J01M A02 Ciprofloxacin
Country of manufacture:Slovenia
Diabetics:With caution
Delivery
USPS across the USA
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Payment
Tsiprinol film-coated tablets 250 mg No. 10
379.66 грн.
Description
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics. Mechanism of action. Ciprofloxacin in vitro exhibits high efficacy against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. The mechanism of antibacterial action is due to the ability of ciprofloxacin to inhibit type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV), which are necessary in many processes of the DNA life cycle, such as replication, transcription, repair and recombination.
Efficacy mainly depends on the ratio between the maximum serum concentration (C max) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for the bacterial pathogen, and on the value of AUC and MIC.
The following genera and species of bacteria are generally susceptible to ciprofloxacin in vitro (for the Streptococcus species, see Special Precautions for Use).
Sensitive (usually) types of microorganisms
Gram-positive aerobic microorganisms
Bacillus anthracis 1)
Gram-negative aerobic microorganisms
Aeromonas spp.
Brucella spp.
Citrobacter koseri
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus ducreyi
Haemophilus influenzae 2)
Legionella spp.
Moraxella catarrhalis 2)
Neisseria meningitidis
Pasteurella spp.
Salmonella spp. 2)
Shigella spp. 2)
Vibrio spp.
Yersinia pestis
anaerobic microorganisms
Mobiluncus
other microorganisms
Chlamydia trachomatis 3)
Chlamydia pneumoniae 3)
Mycoplasma hominis 3)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 3)
Species for which acquired resistance may develop
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms
Enterococcus faecalis 3)
Staphylococcus spp. 1) 4)
Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms
Acinetobacter baumannii 5)
Burkholderia cepacia 2) 5)
Campylobacter spp. 2) 5)
Citrobacter freundii 2)
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter cloacae 2)
Escherichia coli 2)
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella pneumoniae 2)
Morganella morganii 2)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2)
Proteus mirabilis 2)
Proteus vulgaris 2)
Providencia spp.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2)
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Serratia marcescens 2)
anaerobic microorganisms
Peptostreptococcus spp.
Propionibacterium acnes
Microorganisms initially resistant to ciprofloxacin
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms
Actinomyces
Enterococcus faecium
Listeria monocytogenes
Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
anaerobic microorganisms
Except for the above
other microorganisms
Mycoplasma genitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum
1) It has been shown that taking antibiotics immediately after exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores helps prevent disease if the number of spores can be reduced below the infective dose. A 2-month course of oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily is considered effective in preventing anthrax infection in adults. The physician should refer to national and/or international protocols for the treatment of anthrax.
2) Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated for susceptible isolates in approved clinical indications.
3) Natural average sensitivity in the absence of an acquired resistance mechanism.
4) Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is very often also resistant to fluoroquinolones. The rate of methicillin resistance of all staphylococcal species is about 20-50% and is usually high in hospital isolates.
5) Resistance rate ≥50% in one or more EU countries.
Studies of single-dose toxicity, repeated-dose toxicity, carcinogenic potential, or reproductive toxicity of ciprofloxacin revealed no special hazard for humans.
Pharmacokinetics. Oral administration
Absorption: Ciprofloxacin is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration, mainly from the upper small intestine.
C max in blood plasma is reached after 1-2 hours.
Single doses of 100-750 mg lead to dose-dependent C max between 0.56 and 3.7 mg/l. Serum concentration increases proportionally with increasing dose up to 1000 mg.
The bioavailability of the drug is 70-80%.
Distribution. The proportion of ciprofloxacin binding to blood proteins is insignificant (20-30%), it is found in blood plasma mainly in a non-ionized form. Ciprofloxacin freely diffuses into the extravascular space. The significant volume of distribution at steady state, which is 2-3 l/kg of body weight, proves that ciprofloxacin penetrates into tissues in concentrations that can many times exceed the level of the drug in blood serum. Ciprofloxacin reaches high concentrations in various tissues, for example in the lungs (epithelial fluid, alveolar macrophages, biopsy samples), sinuses, burn damaged tissues and tissues of the urinary tract, genital organs (prostate gland, endometrium), where the total concentration exceeds that in blood plasma.
Metabolism: Small concentrations of the following 4 metabolites have been detected: diethylciprofloxacin (M1), sulfociprofloxacin (M2), oxociprofloxacin (M3) and formylciprofloxacin (M4). The metabolites exhibit in vitro antimicrobial activity, but less than that of the parent compound. Ciprofloxacin is known to be a moderate inhibitor of CYP450 1A2 isoenzymes.
Excretion. Ciprofloxacin is excreted mainly unchanged both by the kidneys and through the intestines. T ½ in blood in individuals with normal renal function is approximately 4-7 hours.
Ciprofloxacin elimination (% dose) after oral administration
ways of excretion
with urine with feces
ciprofloxacin
44.7
25.0
Metabolites (M1-M4)
11.3
7.5
Renal clearance is 180-300 ml/kg/h, and total clearance is 480-600 ml/kg/h. Ciprofloxacin is subject to filtration and tubular secretion. In severe renal impairment, T½ of ciprofloxacin is up to 12 hours.
Non-renal clearance of ciprofloxacin is primarily due to transintestinal secretion and metabolism. 1% of the dose is excreted via the biliary tract. Ciprofloxacin is present in high concentrations in bile.
parenteral administration
Absorption. at info
Specifications
Characteristics
Active ingredient
Ciprofloxacin
Adults
Can
ATC code
J ANTIMIBRICANTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE; J01 ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE; J01M ANTIBACTERIALS FROM THE QUINOLON GROUP; J01M A Fluoroquinolones; J01M A02 Ciprofloxacin
Country of manufacture
Slovenia
Diabetics
With caution
Dosage
250 мг
Drivers
With caution
For allergies
With caution
For children
As prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the benefit/risk ratio
Form
Film-coated tablets
Method of application
Inside, solid
Nursing
It is impossible.
Pregnant
It is impossible.
Producer
KRKA
Quantity per package
10 pcs
Trade name
Tsiprinol
Vacation conditions
By prescription
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