Pharmacological properties
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a significant antioxidant and radioprotective effect, participates in the biosynthesis of heme and proteins, cell proliferation, and other important processes of cellular metabolism.
Vitamin E improves oxygen consumption by tissues. It has an angioprotective effect, affecting the tone and permeability of blood vessels, stimulating the formation of new capillaries.
The immunomodulatory effect of vitamin E is due to the stimulation of T-cell and humoral immunity.
Tocopherol is indispensable for normal reproductive processes: fertilization, fetal development, formation and functioning of the reproductive system.
With a deficiency of vitamin E, hypotension and dystrophy of skeletal muscles and myocardium develop, capillary permeability and fragility increase, photoreceptor degeneration develops, which causes vision impairment. Decreased sexual function in men and menstrual cycle disorders develop, and women are prone to miscarriages.
Vitamin E deficiency can lead to the development of hemolytic jaundice in newborns, as well as malabsorption syndrome and steatorrhea.
After absorption in the intestine, most of the tocopherol enters the lymph and blood, is rapidly distributed in the body's tissues with predominant accumulation in the liver, muscles, adipose tissue. The highest concentration is determined in the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, gonads, myocardium. Most of the drug is excreted from the body with urine, partly with bile.
Indication
Hypovitaminosis and avitaminosis of vitamin E. In complex antioxidant therapy, during recovery from injuries, severe somatic diseases, with physical overload, unbalanced nutrition.
As part of complex therapy:
for the prevention of pathologies of embryonic development, congenital anomalies (malformations) of the fetus; threat of abortion; menstrual cycle disorders, vulva kraurosis, climacteric disorders; perceptual hearing disorders; atrophic processes in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract; degenerative and proliferative changes in the joints and fibrous tissue of the spine and large joints; muscle weakness due to discogenic blockades in diseases of the intervertebral disc, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, other systemic connective tissue diseases; neurasthenia with exhaustion, mainly muscular dystrophy and muscle atrophy, secondary muscular weakness and myopathy in chronic arthritis; autonomic disorders; some endocrine disorders; some cardiovascular diseases; atrophic processes in the mucous membrane of the digestive system, nutritional disorders, malabsorption syndrome, alimentary anemia, chronic hepatitis; some periodontal diseases; eye diseases; skin diseases: dermatitis, trophic ulcers, psoriasis, eczema; with plastic induration of the penis, balanitis, libido disorders, dysfunction of the gonads in men, disorders of spermatogenesis and potency in men, infertility (in combination with vitamin A).
Hypervitaminosis A and D.
Application
Vitamin E should be administered orally after meals, the dose should be selected individually, depending on the type, course of the disease, and the patient's condition. The capsule should be swallowed whole, washed down with sufficient water.
Dosage regimen for adults:
in complex antioxidant therapy: 0.2-0.4 g 1-2 times a day; in case of pathology of embryonic development, congenital anomalies (malformations) of the fetus: 0.1-0.2 g 1 time a day in the first trimester of pregnancy; in case of threat of abortion: 0.1 g 1-2 times a day for 14 days; in case of menstrual cycle disorders in complex treatment: 0.3-0.4 g every other day starting from the 17th day of the cycle (repeat 5 cycles); in case of menstrual cycle disorders in case of use of the drug before the start of hormonal therapy: 0.1 g 1-2 times a day for 2-3 months; in case of rheumatoid arthritis: 0.1-0.3 g daily for several weeks; for muscular dystrophy, diseases of the neuromuscular and tendon-joint apparatus: 0.1 g 1-2 times a day for 30-60 days, repeated course - after 2-3 months; for neurasthenia with exhaustion: take the drug at a dose of 0.1 g 1 time a day for 30-60 days; for some endocrine disorders: 0.3-0.5 g/day; for some cardiovascular diseases: 0.1 g/day; for alimentary anemia: 0.3 g/day for 10 days; for chronic hepatitis: 0.3 g/day for a long time; for some periodontitis: 0.2-0.3 g/day; for eye diseases: 0.1-0.2 g 1-2 times a day for 1-3 weeks in combination with vitamin A; for skin diseases: 0.1-0.2 g 1-2 times a day for 20-40 days; for plastic induration of the penis: 0.3-0.4 g/day for several weeks, then as prescribed by a doctor; for spermatogenesis and potency disorders in men: 0.1-0.3 g/day in combination with hormonal therapy for 30 days.
In other cases, the dosage and duration of treatment are determined by the doctor.
For adults, the average single dose is 0.1 g, the highest single dose is 0.4 g; the average daily dose is 0.2 g, the highest daily dose is 1.0 g.
Vitamin E in a dose of 0.1 g can be prescribed to children from 12 years of age.
Contraindication
Increased individual sensitivity to the active substance or any components of the drug, severe cardiosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, thyrotoxicosis, hypervitaminosis E, children under 12 years of age.
The drug is usually well tolerated, however, with prolonged use of high doses within 0.4-0.8 g/day, increased hypothrombinemia, visual disturbances, dizziness, nausea, development of gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhea, stomach pain, liver enlargement, creatinuria, indigestion, increased fatigue, general weakness, headache. Allergic reactions are possible, including skin rashes, itching, skin hyperemia and increased body temperature.
Special instructions
Use with caution in patients with atherosclerosis and increased risk of thromboembolism.
Creatinuria, increased creatine kinase activity, increased cholesterol concentration, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism and thrombosis in predisposed patients are rarely observed. In epidermolysis bullosa, white hair may begin to grow in areas affected by alopecia.
When using the drug, it is necessary to adhere to the dosage regimen and duration of treatment prescribed by the doctor to prevent overdose and the occurrence of vitamin E hypervitaminosis.
With prolonged use of high doses of the drug, it is necessary to monitor blood clotting time.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The drug can be used under the supervision of a physician in recommended doses during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
The drug partially penetrates the placental barrier; vitamin E enters the fetus, where its amount is 20-30% of the concentration of vitamin E in the mother's blood plasma.
Vitamin E also passes into breast milk.
Children. The drug is contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.
Ability to influence the reaction speed when driving vehicles or other mechanisms. If dizziness or blurred vision occurs, you should refrain from driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms.
Interactions
Vitamin E cannot be used together with iron preparations, silver, agents with an alkaline environment (sodium bicarbonate, trisamine), indirect anticoagulants (dicoumarin, neodicoumarin).
Vitamin E enhances the effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, prednisolone); reduces the toxic effect of cardiac glycosides (digitoxin, digoxin), vitamins A and D. The appointment of vitamin E in high doses can cause vitamin A deficiency in the body.
Vitamin E and its metabolites have an antagonistic effect on vitamin K.
Vitamin E increases the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy.
Cholestyramine, colestipol, and mineral oils reduce the absorption of vitamin E.
Overdose
Symptoms. When taking the recommended doses, adverse reactions do not occur. Taking high doses of vitamin E (0.4-0.8 g/day for a long time) can cause visual disturbances, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea or abdominal cramps, extreme fatigue or weakness.
Very high doses (more than 0.8 g/day for a long time) may lead to an increased risk of bleeding in patients with vitamin K deficiency; impaired metabolism of thyroid hormones and an increased risk of thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism in sensitive patients, increased creatine kinase activity, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood plasma, and increased levels of estrogens and androgens in the urine.
Treatment: Drug withdrawal, symptomatic therapy.
Storage conditions
In the original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.
